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Definition: Buddha was a legendary prince or the son of a nobleman, who founded a major world religion around the 5th century B.C. The word buddha is Sanskrit for 'awakened one'. The
Buddha was known as Siddharta Gautama, son of Suddhodana, the head of
the Sakya tribe and a member of the clan of Gautama. Prince Siddharta
was born in what is now Nepal, in Lumbini, in a petty state that was
subordinate to the Magadha kingdom in India. At 29 Siddharta renounced
his family and station and set out on a spiritual journey of abstinence
and contemplation. When that failed, he sat down under a ficus tree (in modern Bodhgaya, in the Indian state of Bihar). There he meditated until he achieved enlightenment or Bodhi. He then taught followers what he had learned. This became the doctrine of Buddhism.
See The 8-Fold Path
Sources:
"Buddhas and Bodhisats," by B. A. de V. Bailey. Parnassus, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Feb., 1940), pp. 26-30+51.
"An Introduction to Buddhist Archaeology," by Gina L. Barnes. World Archaeology, Vol. 27, No. 2, Buddhist Archaeology (Oct., 1995), pp. 165-182.
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